Vatican Council Ii Free Essays

string(152) and every one of the parts are reinforced by the basic sharing of all things and by the regular exertion to accomplish totality in unity,† (Lumen Gentium p. Concilium Oecumenicum Vaticanum Secundum (The Vatican Council II) The Second Vatican Council was officially opened by Pope John XXIII on 11 October 1962 and shut under Pope Paul VI on 8 December 1965. Its point was â€Å"†¦ to open up the windows of the Catholic Church with the goal that we can see out and the individuals can see in. † †Pope John XXIII. We will compose a custom paper test on Vatican Council Ii or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now T The primary points talked about were simply the Church, ecumenism and different religions, connection to the cutting edge world and the sacrament of mass. The Catholic Church perceived the expanding break among individuals and their relationship with God and the Church, and made four constitutions which tended to the issue. Dei Verbum (Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation), Lumen Gentium (Dogmatic Constitution on the Church), Gaudium et Spes (Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World), Sacrosanctum Concilium (Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy). These reports are reactions to the outside issues and interior issues that affected the Church, and are additionally talked about later. The 1960’s was a colossal counter-social development which tested the conventional codes of conduct connected to sexuality and relational connections. With the sexual upheaval brought the standardization of pre-marriage sex, the contraception and the pill, homosexuality and later; the authorization of premature birth. There was a fast advancement of a young subculture which energized experimentation and change, and strict qualities were ignored and supplanted with decadent mentalities. This affected the Church in light of the fact that the one of the major lessons of the Church is that sex is just to communicate hitched love and for the multiplication of kids. The Church contradicted fetus removal and contraception as it conflicts with their lessons and this created a scene from the women's activists. Their contention was that they ought to have â€Å"free decision in light of the fact that it’s my body†. The Church until this time was likewise a male predominant body, and ladies started to battle for the option to turn into a minister and for female special stepped area servers. The headway of innovation additionally affected the Church as preceding TV and voyaging innovation, society had a thin perspective on the world, and for the most part adhered to their own neighborhood network. The Church had assumed an immense job in their life along these lines. In any case, when TV turned out to be increasingly mainstream, individuals started to invest more energy sitting in front of the TV and finding out about things progressively applicable to their lives, and it turned into another â€Å"voice† they tuned in to. With the ascent of innovation, the â€Å"voice† of the Church turned out to be less noteworthy. These were the significant social changes which affected the Church and a few changes were made to counter the issues. During this time the Church was confronting inside issues just as being stood up to with social changes. Mass participation was falling because of a great deal of social changes. This incorporated the sexual upheaval, the job of ladies in the public arena and diminished regard for the congregation as a power figure. â€Å"The sexual insurgency was an improvement in the advanced world which saw the critical loss of intensity by the estimations of a profound quality established in the Christian convention and the ascent of lenient social orders of perspectives that were tolerating of more prominent sexual opportunity and experimentation that spread everywhere throughout the world. † (Extract from Wikipedia). Falling mass participation may likewise have been because of individuals not having the option to comprehend the mass, as it was in Latin or possibly feeling that the Church was excessively hierarchal in the manner that the common people weren’t permitted to contribute during mass. Another issue was that strict numbers were additionally falling the same number of the strict and ministers had left Europe on missions. There was likewise strain between Protestant Churches and the Catholic Church, as the Church’s fundamental objective was to change over however many individuals to Catholicism as would be prudent. The job and structure of the Church was likewise under theory the same number of thought the Church required a â€Å"update† to society, and others accepted that the old conventions ought not be changed by any means, and this caused some contention inside the Church. So as to manage these inner and outer issues, the Vatican Council II made four records which reacted to these issues. The principal closed minded constitution was Dei Verbum which was about Divine Revelation. Divine Revelation can be characterized as God’s movement in making himself and his motivations in the world through Christ, the prophets and the witnesses. Pre Vatican II, the Church trained that no one but clerics could peruse and decipher sacred writing. In any case, Council expressed â€Å"Easy access to Sacred Scripture ought to be accommodated all the Christian steadfast. In any case, since the expression of God ought to be open consistently, the Church by her power and with maternal concern makes sure that appropriate and right interpretations are made into various dialects, particularly from the first messages of the sacrosanct ooks. †(Dei Verbum p. 22). This essentially implied anybody could peruse the good book, yet the magisterium alone has been trusted with directing and showing the significance of the sacred text with the assistance of the Holy Spirit. The point of this change was so that â€Å"Through the perusing and investigation of the sacrosanct books â€Å"the expression of God may spread quickly and be glorified† (Thessalonians. 3:1) and the fortune of disclosure, endowed to the Church, may increasingly more fill the hearts of men. This change was received in light of the fact that the good book was composed for everybody and consequently everybody gets the opportunity to gain proficiency with about God’s Revelation and his blessings to all individuals. The second stubborn constitution is Lumen Gentium which re-imagined the structure and job of the Church. The congregation perceives Christ as the leader of the body, and as the picture of the imperceptible God, and that all individuals must be framed in his resemblance until Christ is shaped in them. It additionally turned out to be progressively centered around assorted variety and pluralism, as opposed to being a private hover of strict. It said that â€Å"In ethicalness of this catholicity each part contributes its own blessings to different parts and to the entire Church, with the goal that the entire and every one of the parts are reinforced by the basic sharing of all things and by the normal exertion to accomplish completion in unity,† (Lumen Gentium p. You read Vatican Council Ii in classification Papers 13), clarifying that the Church isn't just about clerics, ministers and the pope, yet additionally all the devoted. Clerics were portrayed as â€Å"its backing and mouthpiece, called to the administration of the People of God,† (Willis, M. Lumen Gentium Summary, p. 3), which explained their business as lecturing the expression of God, yet in addition being there to guide and bolster the network. A stubborn constitution on the Church was likewise shaped about holy ritual. This report uncovered the progressions made to mass. One of the outer issues during the 60’s was falling mass participati on. The young were revolting and attempting new things and their mentality towards the Church had changed. Before Sacrosanctum Concilium, there were a few contrasts between the conventional mass, and the mass we know today. God who â€Å"wills that all men be spared and gone to the information on the truth† (Timothy 2:4). Most likely the greatest change was that the language of the mass changed from Latin to vernacular. This implied the people could now totally comprehend what was happening at mass. To advance cooperation, the individuals were urges to partake by methods for readings, reactions, songs and giving out fellowship. The fellowship rail was pulled back, and the minister currently has his back to the sanctuary to confront the individuals. The archive likewise permitted special raised area young ladies. These progressions were made with the goal that the Church was all the more speaking to individuals, so they felt progressively welcome and intrigued by the Church once more. The last closed minded constitution made was Gaudium et Spes. This record manages the pertinence of the Church and its place it society. It likewise discusses communication with different religions. The Council communicates a craving to take part in discussion with the whole human family so the Church can collaborate in taking care of contemporary issues. It delivers this Constitution to Catholics, to all Christians, and to the entire of humankind. The Council decides to build up a working relationship with the world, guaranteeing â€Å"Christ, certainly, gave His Church no legitimate strategic the political, financial or social request. The reason which He set before her is a strict one. Be that as it may, out of this strict crucial come a capacity, a light and a vitality which can serve to structure and unite the human network as indicated by the awesome law. † (Gaudium et Spes p. 11). The Church is wanted to help the entire of mankind to conquer all hardship and strife among countries, and this feeling of solidarity originates from one of its basic convictions that the Church is unified with the Holy Spirit. One way this was demonstrated Pope John XXIII welcomed different Christians outside of the Catholic Church to send eyewitnesses to the Council. Acknowledgments originated from both the Protestant groups and Eastern Orthodox places of worship. The objective of adjusting individuals to Catholicism was no more, rather the Church currently lectures Ecumenism. While helping the world and accepting numerous advantages from it, the Church has a solitary expectation: that God’s realm may come, and that the salvation of the entire human race may happen. â€Å"The Council wished to contemplate the numerous issues and conceivable outcomes of the advanced world â€Å"in the light of the gospel and of human experience†. Michael

Psychology Interview Essay

Does the interviewee recollect data all the more precisely on the off chance that the person watches the conduct being performed or does he/she like to peruse how the conduct is performed?  â â â â â â â â â â The interviewee expressed that he will have the option to handily recollect how a conduct is performed in the event that he read about it; that’s why he lean towards the subsequent option (Carducci, 2008). Additionally, he conceded that if any event or conduct is to be watched just, he is almost certain not to have the option to review it particularly that he has an endless things at the forefront of his thoughts and various things recorded on his â€Å"to do list† (Carducci, 2008).  â â â â â â â â â â Comparing him to myself however, I lean toward the inverse. I have demonstrated to myself endless of times that I recollect all the more unmistakably those events or practices in the event that I see it being performed. I like to see since I am the sort who recollects that anything that I have given cautious consideration to. Does the interviewee inclines toward concentrating in a library, or at home where there are foundation commotions and a few interruptions? My companion picks to remain in the house to consider (Carducci, 2008). He says he can't concentrate on his exercises without his PC and subwoofers turned on (Carducci, 2008). It is significant that something uproarious is available while he examines in light of the fact that else he may very well nap off and not achieve anything by the day's end (Carducci, 2008). He additionally expressed that he gets a kick out of the chance to stroll around the lounge or his own room while perusing his exercises resoundingly (Carducci, 2008). This is another significant motivation behind why he wouldn't like to concentrate in the library; he says â€Å"I may be approached to stay silent and may even be mentioned to leave the premises on the off chance that I concentrate in that manner† (Carducci, 2008).  â â â â â â â â â â I can't do what he does however. I am the sort who might be increasingly proficient and viable in considering on the off chance that I remain in a peaceful spot like the library. I want to remain there if my motivation is to get a handle on the readings and exercises that the test will cover. Notwithstanding that, the references that I requirement for additional request are found there thus I should remain in the library to consider; PCs are accessible also on the off chance that I need online references. Perusing/evaluating while at the same time tuning in to music or any sort of interruption including sounds simply doesn't go together for me. III. Had the individual you are meeting taken the Myers Briggs test? Report the outcomes.  â â â â â â â â â â Yes, the interviewee previously experienced taking the Myers Briggs test (Humanmetrics, 2007). The accompanying criticism came about because of the â€Å"Carl Jung and Isabel Myers-Briggs typological way to deal with personality† (Humanmetrics, 2007). As indicated by the previously mentioned, the interviewee is â€Å"very communicated extravert; that he has marginally communicated detecting character; that he has a tolerably communicated speculation character; just as somewhat communicated judging personality† (Humanmetrics, 2007). He is then too much outgoing, somewhat thinking, decently detecting, and to some broaden a seeing individual (Humanmetrics, 2007).  â â â â â â â â â â The outcomes that I got subsequent to responding to various inquiries are the accompanying: â€Å"that I am unmistakably communicated contemplative person; respectably communicated instinctive character; modestly communicated feeling character; and particularly communicated judging personality† (Humanmetrics, 2007). It says that I am independent and similarly deciding; just as, natural and similarly feeling (Humanmetrics, 2007). Which encounters does this individual feel contributed most in the improvement of his/her character?  â â â â â â â â â â The interviewee expressed that there were endless encounters that he experienced (Carducci, 2008). He accepts that all these contributed to a great extent in the advancement of his character (Carducci, 2008).  â â â â â â â â â â First of all, he originates from an unprivileged family (Carducci, 2008).â During his rudimentary and secondary school days, he battled a lot as he can't go to class regular on the grounds that there was no cash to be spent on food (Carducci, 2008).â He said it was too hard to even think about staying centered in the exercises or anything that’s going on in the homeroom with an unfilled stomach for a few days in a row (Carducci, 2008).  â â â â â â â â â â Second, his dad as a rule doesn't have a vocation (Carducci, 2008). In situations where he discovers one, the longest time that he can remain is just a month (Carducci, 2008).â This is on the grounds that he is a boozer and here and there would go to work amazingly alcoholic (Carducci, 2008).â Since such conduct presents incredible danger to different representatives, in the long run he is terminated (Carducci, 2008).  â â â â â â â â â â Third, his dad gets back home without cash and would keep an eye on the ice chest if there was food to eat (Carducci, 2008).â If he doesn't discover anything, he would lash out at his mom and additionally assault her (Carducci, 2008).â His mom would be whipped, slapped, punched, and even tossed (Carducci, 2008).â If he attempts to ensure his mom and ward his dad off, at that point the two of them would get injured toward the day's end (Carducci, 2008).  â â â â â â â â â â Fourth, his mom would discharge her annoyance on him and his siblings and sisters (Carducci, 2008). She would yell at them, undermine them that she is going to abandon them since she could no longer take it (Carducci, 2008). She would express that her life would not be so painfully troublesome in the event that she didn't have a spouse and youngsters like them (Carducci, 2008).  â â â â â â â â â â Fifth, his younger sibling turned self-destructive as a result of the family issues that they experienced (Carducci, 2008).â He would feel miserable and vulnerable in light of his younger siblings various endeavors (Carducci, 2008).  â â â â â â â â â â Sixth, his dad was sent to jail in view of savagery against ladies and youngsters (Carducci, 2008).â He feels hurt and yet alleviated that he no longer needs to endure him (Carducci, 2008).  â â â â â â â â â â Seventh, before he can even recuperate from his â€Å"loss†, he believes he will lose another significant adored one again as his mom remarries a more youthful man (Carducci, 2008).  â â â â â â â â â â It turned out however that his stepfather is a pleasant, splendid, liberal man who thinks about his mom and for his siblings and sisters (Carducci, 2008).â actually, he sent him to probably the best school when he chose he needed to go to school and finish a Baccalaureate course (Carducci, 2008).â He likewise sent his siblings and sisters to class (Carducci, 2008). Notwithstanding that, he set up a little blossom search for his mom who completed BS Management in school; he said the time has come for his mom likewise takes care of enhancing her own vocation (Carducci, 2008). He likewise purchased each and everybody their requirements (and even a portion of their needs); actually, he got a PC, his siblings got game kid, his sisters got marked dolls, and so forth (Carducci, 2008).  â â â â â â â â â â His stepfather likewise carried him to places that he has never been into including the accompanying: â€Å"Transamerica Pyramid, Bank of America, Chinatown, Lombard Street, Haight-Ashbury, Coit Memorial Tower, Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, California Academy of Sciences, Palace of Fine Arts, Presidio, Alcatraz, University of California, Berkeley† (Carducci, 2008). The excursion allowed him a chance to bond with somebody who can be a dad to him, who can control him as he comes, and who can secure him as he fights with life’s amazements and challenges (Carducci, 2008).  â â â â â â â â â â He figured out how to be solid as he experienced neediness, maltreatment from his dad, and so forth (Carducci, 2008). He turned out to be considerably more grounded when his additional decent stepfather went along (Carducci, 2008). The preparation that he got from his stepfather and the genuine models appeared to him assumed a huge job in the advancement of his character (Carducci, 2008). I have my own encounters also that helped in the advancement of my character. As a matter of first importance, I have a mother who is steady and glad for whatever I have achieved. Second, I was raised to be a pleasant individual, not harming anybody, helping individuals out of luck, putting God at the focal point of life, and so forth. Such qualities were ingrained in me on the grounds that the individuals around me showed/depicted incredible models. Third, I encountered being sent to the best schools thus I have taken in the best possible morals, preparing, and behavior. Fourth, I have seen my mom’s fight with ovarian malignant growth. Despite being given just a couple of months to live, she gave me how decided she was in battling that ailment. She gave me her quality, just as, her confidence. I developed to be practically similar to her, never losing trust and continually having faith in God. To wrap things up, I am additionally encircled with companions who are incredibly genuine and worried about existence. I just have a couple of companions, which most likely clarifies, why I am independent, yet I am pleased to state that they are for the most part evident companions. I have built up a constructive character incompletely in view of them also. Does this individual feel that he/she is self-observing with respect to his/her perspectives? How or how not? The interviewee accepts that he isn't at all â€Å"self-monitoring† (Carducci, 2008). He concedes he would most likely be increasingly terrified on the off chance that he would be one (Carducci, 2008). He additionally feels that he were that way, he would not realize what to do since he will turn increasingly cognizant about the negative occu

Phew!

Phew! O.M.G. Its over, finally. For the last two weeks all of the upperclassmen have been orienting the froshies, and now its over. You may have noticed a severe drop off in the number of blogs, which may make perfect sense to anybody at MIT right now, but potentially not to people at home, so let me do my best to help you understand. When I got to campus we got to work right away planning and organizing orientation events for our dorm. We planned a Legends of the Hidden Temple themed party, a rave, breakfast every morning, a food fight, jello wrestling, and a ton of other good stuff (including a water war!). All of this planning, running to home depot (an adventure every time), and building/setting up pretty much devoured our time, not to mention we were also trying to get to know freshmen. For my part, my first task of orientation was to build an Olmec, the giant talking face from Legends of the Hidden Temple. This sounded agreeable, so I snagged a freshman (Trevor 13) and we went to Economy Hardware (local hardware place) and bought all the necessities. The dude working the store was super helpful, he remembered Olmec as a kid and really wanted to help us build it, so he showed us where everything was. We got back to the dorm and got to work. We constructed all the mechanics of the frame while Jordan 11 did the painting. We had to make sure that it would both have a movable mouth and that the eyes would flash red. Im pretty content with what we ended up with. Trevor 13 is seen here modeling it. Next on the agenda was helping with the food fight, an adventure that ended up with a lot of people very covered in whipped cream and food coloring. It was a very colorful mess, but it hosed off nicely so nobody is complaining. After orientation was over it was time for Floor Rush. Floor Rush allows freshmen to wander the different floors of a dorm and decide which ones they may like to live on. Conner 2, my floor, went for the crepe/french toast/balloons approach this year, wowing freshmen with our delicious tastes and lighthearted spirit. Not to mention our sweet murals. After floor rush was over I finally got around to finishing the new paint job in my room, which Im happy with. Its nice and bright, very geometric, and hopefully will keep me awake late at night. I used my awesome new ladder to help me paint. Its telescopic, meaning it goes from very small to 15.5 in a snap of the fingers. *snap* Then, it was mattress dominoes time. I mentioned this in my last entry, and since then have managed to actually organize and get this event to happen. 21 people showed up (honestly, more than the 5 I was expecting, but way fewer than the 124 RSVPd) and we had an AWESOME time. We even made it into the front page of The Tech! I made some movies of the adventure. The first is the straight fall, the second is of a spiral we made in Lobby 7. Note the guy we almost accidentally kill when he comes out of the bathroom. Heres a shot from above And a shot of me being interviewed after it was all over After all this was done, Chris Mills and I realized that we had a Livescribe demo table to run, so we grabbed up all of our gear, borrowed a table from my dorm (Burton-Conner) and drug everything over to Kresge oval. Funny story about this. There were lots of tables set up with businesses, but Chris and I were pretty sure we hadnt registered, so our approach was to just set a table up on the stage by the student center, act like we knew exactly what we were doing, and hope we didnt get yelled at. It worked surprisingly well, heres a pic of Chris and our setup. As it turns out, we actually were registered and later found our official table, down in a worse location, so we left it where it was and stayed where we were. We gave tons of demos to over a hundred people, gave out lots of coupons and brochures, and did our parts to keep our employment with Livescribe! Now, classes have started. Ill save my schedule for my next entry, but I will say that Im taking 60 units, which is 5 12 unit classes. 60 units is borderline uncomfortable in terms of workload. Well see how well I can keep it up. Thats all for now, ciao!

USS Ohio (BB-12) and the Great White Fleet

USS Ohio (BB-12) was a Maine-class battleship that served with the US Navy from 1904 to 1922. The first warship named for the state since the ship-of-the-line USS Ohio that had been launched in 1820, the new battleship represented an improved version of the earlier Illinois-class. Built in San Francisco, Ohio joined the fleet and saw immediate service in the Far East. Transferring to the Atlantic in 1907, it joined the Great White Fleet for its cruise around the world. Ohio was modernized in 1909 and later supported American operations in Mexico. Though briefly decommissioned, it returned to active duty with the US entry into  World War I. Fulfilling a training role during the conflict, Ohio was placed in reserve in 1919 before being removed from the fleet three years later.   Design Approved on May 4, 1898, the Maine-class of battleship was meant to be an evolution of USS Iowa (BB-4) which entered service in June 1897 as well as the more recent Illinois-class. As such, the new battleships were to be of a sea-going design rather than the coastal configuration used in the Indiana- and Kearsarge-classes. Initially designed to mount four 13/35 cal. guns in two twin turrets, the design of the new class changed under the guidance of Rear Admiral George W. Melville and more powerful 12/40 cal. guns were selected instead. This main battery was supported by sixteen 6 guns, six 3 guns, eight 3-pdr guns, and six 1-pdr guns. While the first designs called for using Krupp Cemented armor, the US Navy later decided to utilize Harvey armor which had been employed on earlier battleships. Construction Designated USS Maine (BB-10), the lead ship of the class became the first to carry the name since the armored cruiser whose loss helped incite the Spanish-American War. This was followed by USS Ohio (BB-12) which was laid down on April 22, 1899 at Union Iron Works in San Francisco. Ohio was the only member of the Maine-class to be built on the West Coast. On May 18, 1901, Ohio slid down the ways with Helen Deschler, a relative of Ohio Governor George K. Nash, acting as sponsor. In addition, the ceremony was attended by President William McKinley. Over three years later, on October 4, 1904, the battleship entered commission with Captain Leavitt C. Logan in command. USS Ohio (BB-12) - Overview: Nation: United StatesType: BattleshipShipyard: Union Iron WorksLaid Down: April 22, 1899Launched: May 18, 1901Commissioned: October 4, 1904Fate: Sold for scrap, 1923 Specifications Displacement: 12,723 tonsLength: 393 ft., 10 in.Beam: 72 ft., 3 in.Draft: 23 ft., 10 in.Speed: 18 knotsComplement: 561 men Armament 4 Ãâ€" 12 in. guns16 Ãâ€" 6 in. guns6 Ãâ€" 3 in. guns8 Ãâ€" 3-pounder guns6 Ãâ€" 1-pounder guns2 Ãâ€" .30 in machine guns2 Ãâ€" 18 in. torpedo tubes Early Career As the United States newest battleship in the Pacific, Ohio received orders to steam west to serve as flagship of the Asiatic Fleet. Departing San Francisco on April 1, 1905, the battleship carried Secretary of War William H. Taft and Alice Roosevelt, daughter of President Theodore Roosevelt, on an inspection tour of the Far East. Completing this duty, Ohio remained in the region and operated off Japan, China, and the Philippines. Among the ships crew at this time was Midshipman Chester W. Nimitz who would later lead the US Pacific Fleet to victory over Japan in World War II. With the end of its tour of duty in 1907, Ohio returned to the United States and transferred to the East Coast. Great White Fleet In 1906, Roosevelt became increasingly worried regarding the US Navys lack of strength in the Pacific due to the growing threat posed by the Japanese. To impress upon Japan that the United States could move its main battle fleet to the Pacific with ease, he began planning a world cruise of the nations battleships. Dubbed the Great White Fleet, Ohio, commanded by Captain Charles Bartlett, was assigned to the forces Third Division, Second Squadron. This group also contained its sister ships Maine and Missouri. Departing Hampton Roads on December 16, 1907, the fleet turned south making port calls in Brazil before passing through the Straits of Magellan. Moving north, the fleet, led by Rear Admiral Robley D. Evans, reached San Diego on April 14, 1908. Briefly pausing in California, Ohio and the rest of the fleet then crossed the Pacific to Hawaii before reaching New Zealand and Australia in August. After taking part in elaborate and festive visits, the fleet cruised north to the Philippines, Japan, and China. Completing port calls in these nations, the American fleet transited the Indian Ocean before passing through the Suez Canal and entering the Mediterranean. Here the fleet parted to show the flag in several ports. Steaming west, Ohio made visits to ports in the Mediterranean before the fleet regrouped at Gibraltar. Crossing the Atlantic, the fleet arrived at Hampton Roads on February 22 where it was inspected by Roosevelt. With the conclusion of its world cruise, Ohio entered the yard at New York for a refit and received a new coat of gray paint as well as had a new cage mast installed. Later Career Remaining at New York, Ohio spent much of the next four years training members of the New York Naval Militia as well as conducting occasional operation with the Atlantic Fleet. During this period it received a second cage mast as well as other modern equipment. Though obsolete, Ohio continued to fulfill secondary functions and in 1914 helped support the US occupation of Veracruz. That summer the battleship embarked midshipmen from the US Naval Academy for a training cruise before being deactivated at Philadelphia Navy Yard that fall. Each of the next two summers Ohio reentered commission for training operations involving the Academy. With the US entry into World War I in April 1917, Ohio was re-commissioned. Ordered to Norfolk following its re-commissioning on April 24, the battleship spent the war training sailors in and around the Chesapeake Bay. With the conflicts conclusion, Ohio steamed north to Philadelphia where it was placed in reserve on January 7, 1919. Decommissioned on May 31, 1922, it was sold for scrap the following March in compliance with the Washington Naval Treaty.

Review Of Literatures Common Skin Disorder - 1476 Words

CHAPTER I REVIEW OF LITERATURES Pityriasis alba is a common skin disorder in children and young adults. It is characterized by the presence of ill-defined, scaly, faintly erythematous patches. These lesions eventually subside, leaving hypopigmented areas that then slowly return to normal pigmentation. The term is derived from the words pityriasis (scaly) and alba (white). (Miazek et al., 2015). Epidemiology: Pityriasis alba is most common in children aged 3-16 years, with 90% of cases occurring in children younger than 12 years (In et al., 2009). The incidence of pityriasis alba in United States reached up to 5% of children. (Kim and Rocky, 2010) In Egypt a study included 8008 rural inhabitants of all ages and both sexes from a representative of three villages of Assiut Governorate investigating the prevalence of skin diseases in rural areas of Assiut Governorate, Upper Egypt reported that Eczema/dermatitis group had a rate of 19.82%, with pityriasis alba forming the majority (13.49%) (Abdel-Hafez et al., 2003). Another study was done in South Sini included 2194 children of both genders, 18 years of age and younger, and in six different localities reported that Eczema or dermatitis were found in 25.8% of participants. Pityriasis alba occurred at a rate of 18.3% (Gamal et al., 2012). 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Loss of adhesion between the cells may occur within the epidermis (pemphigus) or at the basement membrane (pemphigoid). In eczema there is oedema between the epidermal cells, resulting in spongiosis. Sometimes, there are associated inflammatoryRead MoreChild Abuse Is A Common And Sad Fate For Many Children Essay1558 Words   |  7 PagesChild abuse is a common and sad fate for many children today, statistics show that more than four children die every day because of child abuse. Abused children not only experience the effects of the abuse in childhood, but in adulthood as well. There are ways to detect child abuse and how you can help these children. ChildHelp.org stated that â€Å"Every year more than 3 million reports of child abuse are made in the United States.† Child abuse is a terrible epidemic that needs to be put to an endRead More1.Discuss The Condition/Diagnosis In Terms Of Basic Information,1067 Words   |  5 Pages1. Discuss the condition/diagnosis in terms of basic information, pathology, phases of healing. †¢ Cervical degenerative disc disease is a common cause of neck pain and radiating arm pain. It develops when one or more of the cushioning discs in the cervical spine starts to break down due to wear and tear. There may be a genetic factor that predisposes some people to more rapid wear. Injury may also contribute and sometimes can cause the development of the degenerative changes. When cervical degenerativeRead MoreOrganizing Pneumonia Associated With Anticonvulsant Hypersensitivity Syndrome Induced By Lamotrigine1405 Words   |  6 Pagesknown to have seizure disorder on Lamotrigine treatment admitted to the hospital with history of rash, fever and cough. Her condition deteriorated initially with typical clinical features of anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome (ACHS) complicated with bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP). Her chest computed tomography showed multifocal parenchymal opacities and the lung biopsy was typical for BOOP. The Lamotrigine was dis continued when she first developed the skin rash and she wasRead MoreShock Therapy Essay1492 Words   |  6 PagesShock Therapy Shock Therapy is a treatment used to adjust a patient’s brain function in psychiatric disorders. There are different kinds of shock therapy including Electroconvulsive Therapy, Insulin Therapy and Hydrotherapy. The first kind of shock therapy is Electroconvulsive therapy or ECT. The common name is electroshock therapy. The way ECT is administered is by putting electrodes on the patient’s temples, and then providing a shock to their head causing the patient to have a seizure. (Wade

Importance of Small and Mediun Entreptises in a Developing Economy Free Essays

ID NUMBER: 11060659 COURSE: MANAGEMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE ENTERPRISES (SMEs) LECTURER: MR. ADAMS FADIR-RAHMAN DATE: 21-4-2010 QUESTION: TO WHAT EXTENT DO CAN IT BE SAID THAT GHANA CANNOT DEVELOP WITHOUT THE ACTIVITIES OF SMEs OPERATORS Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are companies whose headcount or turnover falls below certain limits. And the limit depends on the country in which the company is operating. We will write a custom essay sample on Importance of Small and Mediun Entreptises in a Developing Economy or any similar topic only for you Order Now SMEs contribute immensely to the economic development of a country . And it can be said that a developing country like Ghana cannot develop without the contribution of SMEs due to the following reasons: Firstly, SMEs contribute significantly to the provision of productive employment opportunities for rural and urban growing labor force in Ghana. The provision of employment opportunities increases the generation of income by the people . And when most of the people in the country are employed, it leads to the reduction of poverty. Secondly, they help to absorb productive resources at all levels of the economy and add to the flexible economic system in which small and large firms are interlinked. Such linkages are very crucial for the attraction of foreign investment. This is because the investing transnational corporations look for sound domestic suppliers for their supply chain. Thirdly, SMEs provide substitution for imported goods which create competition and leads to production of quality goods at affordable prices. This is to say that the substitutes of imported goods produced in Ghana by SMEs helps to create competition between the SMEs and the foreign producers. And this forces them to produce quality goods at affordable prices since there is competition. Furthermore, SMEs help in the provision of capital to individuals, other businesses and even the government. When the SMEs generate their income, they deposited them in the various commercial banks in Ghana. It is from these funds that the banks advance loans to their needy customers. And these funds are sometimes loaned to the government to finance its developmental projects. Also, the income generated by the SMEs is subject to tax. Thus their returns are taxed for the development of the nation. These taxes, when collected, are used for the construction of roads, schools, hospitals and other social amenities. More so, SMES help to produce and enhance the movement of goods outside the country. They also help to the country to export its raw materials or natural resources to foreign countries for foreign exchange. And it also paves the way for some local goods to be marketed outside the country. And this help to increase the gross domestic product (GDP) and per capital income of the country. Lastly, Most of the current larger enterprises have their origin in small and medium enterprises. This is to say that most of the large scale enterprises in Ghana were SMEs before their current state. SMEs are different from large scale enterprises in three main aspects; uncertainty, innovation and evolution. Therefore we can say that SMEs are the starting point of development in the Ghanaian economy towards industrialization. In a nutshell, judging from above, we can see that there is no way that Ghana can develop without the operations of SMEs. So what is required is for the government of Ghana to pursue the precise policy and regulatory reforms to turn SMEs into an effective instrument for the enhancement of economic growth. REFERENCE: SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE ENTREPRISES,JONATHAN BLAY ,1993,CANADA IMPORTANCE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE ENTREPRISES IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT,BASHIR AHMED FIDA,PAKISTAN,2008. WWW. THEFREELIBRARY. COM How to cite Importance of Small and Mediun Entreptises in a Developing Economy, Papers

Australian Securities and Investments- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theAustralian Securities and Investments. Answer: Introduction The courts are very disinclined towards intruding into the directors decisions and boardroom of a company because of the risk associated with business law activities. However the courts consider the fact that the duties have been performed by the directors without any personal interest and making informed decisions in the best interest of the company. The courts only interfere when they believe that the decisions taken are really unreasonable. In such cases even honest directors may have to face trial with respect to negligence. This notion protects the business judgment rule. However the rule acts as a hindrance towards the duties of care and diligence with respect to directors (Lawyer, Lander and Rogers 2010). It is difficult to interpret the business law judgment rule in Australia and the decision provided in the case of Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Rich (2009) 75 ACSR 1 along with discussion paper of the federal government in relation to directors duties have set a timely reminder for it. A lengthy decision had been provided by Austin J on the 18th November 2009 with respect to civil proceedings of the ASIC against Mark Silbermann and Jodee Rich the directors of One.Tel Ltd. The decision considered the important question in reaction to the application and operation of Section 180(2) of the Corporation Act 2001. It was provided by the judge that the concept that a rational belief must be there on the part of the defendant that a decision is in the best interest of the company is less onerous as compared to the concept of the belief being reasonable. References Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Rich (2009) 75 ACSR 1 Lawyer, Lander and Rogers 2010. BA, LLB (Hons) (Bond). This article further develops a note by the author published in 28 CSLJ 423.

ADHD Children essays

ADHD Children essays In this day and age, drugs are being prescribed without hesitation. In fact, many of these drugs are being prescribed for children with various disorders. One of these disorders is called Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). An estimated five to ten percent of children are diagnosed with this syndrome. One of the methods to treat this disorder is to use stimulants, specifically Ritalin. This method is controversial because it has many side effects and its long-term effects are unknown. It can also lead to addiction. Approximately two to three percent of elementary school children are taking some kind of stimulant to treat ADHD. Since so many children are taking this medication, new problems have arisen. Many of these children use these drugs in excessive amounts to get "high" with their friends. Some overdoses have even caused death. The alternative ways to treat this syndrome without medication are not adequately explored. Some doctors have found ways to combat this problem with little or no drugs. Why arent more doctors looking into these alternative methods? What kind of example is this excessive drug use setting for the children? Finally, what actions can be taken to solve this problem? Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a syndrome caused by a biochemical imbalance and uniqueness. It has hundreds of symptoms that appear selectively in a certain children. Some of these symptoms include distractibility, confusion, faulty abstract thinking, inflexibility, poor verbal skills, aimlessness, perceptual difficulties, constant movement, varied rates of development, food cravings, allergies, and sleeping and coordination problems. The children have "little ability to block out noises in order to concentrate". Many qualities to look for in ADHD children are self-centeredness, impatience, recklessness, extreme emotionalism, and weak consciences. AD...

Cell Theory essays

Cell Theory essays Cell theory- all organisms are made of one or more cells and the products of those cells. An organism may be a single cell, such as a bacterium, or many cells organized to function together as in an animal or plant. In many celled organisms, there may be intercellular material made by the cells. All cells carry on life activities. The life activities of a many celled organism are the combined result of the activities of its individual cells. New cells only arrive from other living cells by the process of cell division. This is where the DNA is kept and RNA is transcribed. RNA is transported out of the nucleus through the nuclear pores. Proteins needed inside the nucleus are transported in through the nuclear pores. The nucleolus is usually visible as a dark spot in the nucleus (note the dark nucleolus in this electron microscope photo of a nucleus), and is the site of ribosome formation. Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis, where RNA is translated into protein. Protein synthesis is extremely important to cells, and so large numbers of ribosomes are found throughout cells (often numbering in the hundreds or thousands). Ribosomes exist floating freely in the cytoplasm, and also bound to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). ER bound to ribosomes is called rough ER because the ribosomes appear as black dots on the ER in electron microscope photos, giving the ER a rough texture. These organelles are quite small, made up of 50 proteins and several long Ranks intricately bound together. Ribosomes have no membrane. Ribosomes disassemble into two subunits when not actively synthesizing protein. Mitochondria (singular: mitochondrion) are the sites of aerobic respiration, and generally are the major energy production center in eukaryotes. Mitochondria have two membranes, an inner and an outer, clearly visible in this electron microscope photo of a mitochondrion. Note the reticulations, or many enfolding, of the inner...

Impact of the teacher PowerPoint Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Impact of the teacher - PowerPoint Presentation Example This security came in the form of learning and in one’s own growth levels as well as the aspects related with fears of speaking out in class and deep down knowing that any answer given out loud was at very least an answer to the call for courage. Most of the students were safe and secure from their own mind that ridiculed them time and again. This was the essence of her teaching that the students stayed up late at night to complete their homework because every letter that looked back at them suggested who they were and what they had done. These letters looked deceiving one’s own self just like one’s brain. These swirled with doubt and self-loathing in a constant dazzling confusion, locked in an eternal uncertainty. Mrs. Martin was able to change all that. While it was not until fourth grade that Mrs. Martin showed me that there was nothing wrong with my mind, I had been battling with dyslexia ever since. I had to re-learn how to learn and find the shrewdest of tr icks just to get by. Mrs. Martin showed me and countless other students that while we might fail to accomplish our goal in some areas, it would certainly not mean we had failed as humans. To a dyslexic patient, the world can be easily learned and absorbed in a multitude of ways, sometimes not always through the most traditional means and ways. Books on tape, lectures, hands on, and kinesthetic learning in general became the savior of my academic career. Struggling to learn how to read and write allowed me to understand alternatives as well.

Genetically Modified Crops Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Genetically Modified Crops - Essay Example The resultant organism would be referred to as transgenic. Similarly, genetically modified, GM crops would be created by changing the genetic material of crops though biotechnology. Techniques Various techniques have been used to introduce the needed genes in crops or inactivate the undesired ones. Bacterium Agrobacterium has the capacity to infect plants hence has been used as an appropriate DNA carrier. Its preparation would be conducted in a specialised solution that would make its cell walls even more porous. The desired gene would then be inserted into the plasmid of the bacterium – its extra chromosomal DNA molecule – and then dropped into the solution which would be heated to allow the plasmid to enter into the bacterium and express a new gene. The altered bacterium referred to as recombinant would be left to recover before being allowed to grow and probably make copies of the new gene. The bacterium would then be exposed to plant cells to deliver the new gene an d plasmid to the cells targeted for transformation (Adugna & Mesfin 2). With gene slicing, the restriction enzymes of bacteria would be used to attack foreign DNA, cutting it into accurate sections inhibiting it from insertion into the chromosome of the bacteria. Different bacteria produce varied restriction enzymes which cut DNA at different places. Molecular biologists use this capability to genetically engineer the DNA to be inserted into target cells for genetic modification. Another enzyme, DNA ligase, would then be used to fuse the sequences of the new gene into the chromosome. Alternatively, the new gene could be introduced into the bacterium’s plasmid which would invade the cell being targeted and deliver the gene. Carter, Moschini and Sheldon (15) give Agrobacterium tumefaciens as an example in this category. Other techniques include biolistics where the selected DNA would be attached to gold or tungsten microscopic particles and fired into the target cells by use of gas under pressure. In lipofection, liposomes would be used to carry the selected DNA and would be placed together with the target cells in a special solution causing a merger between the liposomes and phospholipids from the cell membrane giving in to the entry of the DNA into the chromosome. The viral carriers technique would involve use of a virus whose genetic make-up has the selected DNA added onto it to invade the target cells without causing death or damage thus adding the desired DNA to the target cells. In calcium phosphate precipitation, the selected DNA would be introduced to calcium phosphate creating tiny granules that would have the target cells respond by surrounding and ingesting the granules – endoocytosis – thus causing the granules to release the DNA into the host chromosomes. Examples of GM crops There are soybeans that have been modified genetically so as to make them tolerant to high levels of herbicides that could kill them, making them herbicide tolerant, HT. There are other crops including maize and cotton that have been engineered genetically to resist particular insect pests such as the toxin genes, Bt toxin extracted from Bacillus thuringiensis found in soil and introduced into the DNA of crops so as to make the crops produce specific toxins that kill the larvae of insect pests (Carter, Moschini & Sheldon 7). This would make such crops insect resistant, IR. The

Strategies For Teaching Listening Skills In Classroom

Strategies For Teaching Listening Skills In Classroom Because of requiring quality for teaching students, especially teaching listening skills in the classroom, assorted schools, colleges, and universities have tried to look for good strategies (Teaching listening skills), for this area is the most complicated to teach students, and then this issue has developed into a good subject for teachers and those institutions to be concerned about. On the other hand, these concerns are dealt with many books and journal articles with new strategies for teaching listening skills in the classroom these days. In online publication date: 29 July 2010 article written by Dorothy R. and Sid T. states Most teachers are aware that students listening skills are not what they once were. Our classrooms are filled with students who either do not listen or listen with their ears but not with their brains. (Dorothy R. Sid T. (2010, july 29). 56, 310-311). Instead, many more authors or writers in numerous books and journal articles can respond to this issue with out any hesitation. In order to answer this issue, authors and other teachers assert that copious strategies in abundant books and articles are much better than only one.Penny contends that in principle, the objective of listening comprehension in the classroom is that students should learn to function successfully in real-life listening is(Penny 1996, p 105).Moreover, a statement states that there is no one way of doing a listening skills lesson- it depends on such factors as the aim, the text type, the level of the students, etc.(Roger, Diane, Steve 1983, p89). Hence, studies of the strategies for teaching listening skills in the classroom according to various references- both books and journal articles- embrace a variety of techniques and strategies. I, however, now extract one of those to outline this. Depending on the journal article written by Dorothy R. and Sid T., it reveals that there are several ways of teaching listening skills in the classroom effectively (Dorothy R. Sid T. (2010, july 29). 56, 310-311). First, Call attention to careful listening will heighten childrens awareness of the importance of the skill. An oral check of student responses will call immediate attention to errors and eliminate paper checking for the teachers. Second, Taped selections can be played to students, followed by questions about their content. Questions that encourage beneficial listening skills include those that ask about cause and effect, sequence, main ideas, terminology, drawing conclusion, and the names of the main characters. In addition, Mrs. King a third-grade teacher in the Huntsville, Texas public school system starts the school year by telling the students that her very quiet voice is her teaching voice. She does not yell, and she insists on politeness speaking only with permission and not talking when others are speaking. As a result of this and other techniques, the noise level in her classroom is always low. Finally, exercises in careful listening habits are being learned by our television- oriented young people (Dorothy R. King (2010, july 29). 56, 310-311). These diverse approaches have been applied to peruse good strategies for teaching listening skills in the classroom, and how much the students understand those. This proof is shown that most of the students in listening class demand many strategies for improving their listening skills. Only studies, nevertheless, of Dorothy R. Sid T. are not sufficient for teaching listening skills in the classroom, for one skill requires a variety of strategies or techniques in order that instructors are convenient to impart knowledge to students effectively. Therefore, Roger, Diane, and Steve state that there is no one way of doing a listening skills lesson it depends on such factors as the aim, the text type, and the level of the students, etc.( Roger, Diane, and Steve 1983). Besides, the shortage of searching more information related to the strategies for teaching listening skills in the classroom is deplorable because it is advantageous to our skills (Teaching as career). Not only do you believe in one authors documents, but you also try to search the work of arts of others in order to have new ideas or techniques to teach the students both effectively and successfully. In conclusion, this study attempted to donate the knowledge base related to teaching listening skills by probing as many strategies for teaching listening skills in the classroom as possible to make sure that students are contented to accept those effectively. In order to apprehend this research clearly, you are asked a few questions as follows: 1. What are the strategies for teaching listening skills in the classroom? 2. With what benefits do they provide you? 3. How do these strategies respond to the students in the classroom and the real world? Annotated Bibliography 1. Æ’ËÅ" King, D. R Womack, S. T. (2010, july 29). Strategies for Teaching Listening Skills. The Clearing House: A Journal Of Education Strategies, Issues and Ideas, 56, 310- 311. Dorothy R and Sid T., in this journal article, show off teachers difficulty in teaching students listening skills because theirs are not what they once were, and the classrooms are filled with the students who do not pay attention to teachers explanation (Teaching listening skills). When listening, they use only their ears but not the brains. Therefore, the purpose of this article is focused on several strategies which can help teachers teach listening skills in the classroom successfully. Even though this article is not the most perfect one, it can provide good methods for dealing with this issue and my research, especially the strategies for teaching listening skills in the classroom, and then this tool is used to conduct the next one in general classes. Finally it is also able to help me to apply all the strategies in my study in order to improve the skills as teacher of English in the future. 2.Æ’ËÅ" Scrivener, J. (1994). Tearning Teaching. Great Britain: Macmillan Jim, in this book, offers several procedures and strategies that can help students improve their listening skills, such as task-based listening, the task feedback circle, how we listen, and listening ideas, which are effective to upgrade students listening skills in the classroom; also, it is really significant to the study because this research (Teaching listening skills in the classroom) is applied to the real world. This book also provides a great deal of information related to teaching listening skills for research, particularly the key points. Moreover these strategies can help many researchers and learners create more methods to conduct next research effectively. Last of all, they do assist me to use the key concepts of these strategies in my study successfully, and I also have a good opportunity to upgrade my knowledge teaching as career. 3.Æ’ËÅ" Ellis, R. (2003). Task-based Language Learning and Teaching. China: Oxford University Press. In this book (tasks, listening comprehension SLA), Rod shows that this chapter based on listening tasks has contributed to theory (as it concerns both listening and language acquisition), research methodology, and language pedagogy. These three key terms are really crucial to the research related to teaching listening skills; for example, Academic listening task research has shown that when learners lack relevant schemata their ability to take notes and comprehend a lecture suffers. Thus Rod offers a promising tool for investigating the micro processes involved in comprehending and language acquisition. These strategies are very much valuable for the study since it not only focuses on the classroom teaching but also concentrates on learners in general, and this task too is very useful to my study because it is the guideline to achieve either the next new research or the teaching listening skills in the classroom. 4. Æ’ËÅ" Ur, P. (1996). A Course in Language Teaching. Great Britain: Cambridge University Press Penny, in this book (Chapter 8: Teaching listening, Unit one), teaches about Real-life listening in the classroom. In the unit, he indicates three main steps to teach listening skills, such as Guidelines, Practical classroom application, and Implementing the guidelines: some specific practical implications. These key points are very essential, for they can make teaching listening in the classroom effective and beneficial. Furthermore it is able to provide a lot of information and new strategies to my study, which relates to the teaching listening research. Therefore this research can be applied not only in my classroom but also in the real world. 5. Æ’ËÅ" Pearse, E. Davies, P. (2000). Success in English Teaching. New York, Hong Kong: Oxford University Press. In this book, Paul and Eric provide the strategies for teaching listening skills; that is, the strategies generally recommended are: pre-listening, while-listening, and post-listening, which are absolutely useful to draw students attention on teaching listening class effectively. In addition this book classifies listening text in terms of learner control and some more activities that can help both teachers and learners achieve the objectives during their processes. All the strategies can be applied to all teaching listening classrooms not only one class as they are absolutely practical to all learners, in particular they are very crucial to my research study, for my topic is related to this area, and it can assist me to apply the strategies in the real classroom teaching. 6. Æ’ËÅ" Gower, R., Phillips, D., Walters, S. (1983). Teaching Practice Handbook. China: Macmillian,Heinemann. Roger, Diane, and Steve, in this book, raise good strategies related to the skills how to improve students listening skills, which help the students find it easier to embrace this area. In addition they say that there is no one way of doing listening skills lesson it depends on such factors as the aim, the text type, and the level of the students, etc. and they also give the example involving in guidelines on one way of conducting a listening skills lesson which is divided into three sections before listening, first listening, and second listening; i.e. all these are included with its feedback too. These strategies are applied to implement classroom teaching, in particular these key points used to do the survey on students understanding of listening skills effectively. They will also help me to conduct the authentic research on my field- teaching as career successfully. 7. Æ’ËÅ" Hedge, T. (2000). Teaching and Learning in the Language Classroom. China: Oxford University Press. In this book, Tricia tells a lot about the strategies related to teaching listening skills in the classroom. First he talks about the role of listening in the ELT curriculum, such as pre-listening task and listening note taking, which can be assumed that listening ability will develop automatically through exposure to the language and through practice of grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation. Next he shows what we know about listening process bottom-up processes and top-down processes in listening, which can be applied with real knowledge of learners. Furthermore he also indicates the purpose of listening; i.e. it refers to conversation of a personal kind in which the listening is reciprocal or participatory and so on, especially designing listening activities for the classroom, which is really vital to the academic course because I need this for my teaching listening classroom. All these key strategies will make my research study more and more advanced as teacher of English. 8. Æ’ËÅ" Peterson, P. W. Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language. (M. C. Murcia, Ed.) the USA. Pat W., in this book, indicates a few prompts related to the strategies for listening skills. First he shows the types of strategies specific to listening comprehension, such as categories of metacognitive, cognitive, and socioaffective strategies, which are very important to the study because each has a various function in teaching listening methods. Next, he spots a development view of listening skills. In this section he focuses on profile of the beginning, intermediate, and advanced-level student in listening good strategies which can be segregated for teaching in each class. Moreover he sets the goals for them Bottom-up and Top-down processing, Goals and exercise types, and beginning, Intermediate, advanced-level learners which can make teachers easy to teach them successfully. All these strategies are valuable to the study, for they are classified differently. I hope that these will not only help me teach my students in the class but also be helpful to my MA research program . 9. Æ’ËÅ" Hadfiekd, Jill Charles. (2008). introduction to teaching English. Portugal: Oxford University Press. In this book, Jill and Charles show the explanation to the stages of a listening lesson set up as follows: First he talks about before a listening Lead-in method engages learners interest, introduce the topic and context, activate learners background knowledge, help the learners to predict what the speakers might say, and introduce some key words and expression; also, Language focus introduces some key vocabulary, and other words. Second it is about during a listening lesson; that is, Tasks show that you should aim to repeat the listening several times with a series of listening tasks. Finally it is about after a listening lesson; i.e. Language focus concentrates on some of the language in the text, such as new vocabulary, and Transfer uses the listening and the language work as the basis for work in a different skill. These strategies are really practical to the study. Even though they are not the perfect ones, they show off good advantages to teachers in order to implement these t echniques in the classroom successfully. Also they will be useful to me because I become a teacher of English and I have to use these as my teaching tools. 10. Æ’ËÅ" Fernandez-Toro, M. (2005). The role of paired Listening in L2 listening instruction. Language Learning Journal, 31, 3-8. Maria, in this journal article, mentions much of the difficulty related to the fact that listening processes cannot be easily observed and shown because they all take place inside t he listeners mind. She, however, indicates that paired listening offers a number of potential benefits, both as a diagnostic tool and as a valid learning exercise in itself. Moreover, this research is also profitable for the study, for the writer shows not only the problem to the skills but also the good methods applied to deal with its issues. Thus, this article is really useful to my research because I can use these strategies to operationalize all good points in my own study.

Impact of Mobile Phones

Most school administrations regard cell phone use as disruptive and distracting, and have implemented policies that prohibits using them on school grounds. Cell phones are a disruption in school. Text messaging can be used to cheat on tests. Students who are text messaging are not able to give full attention to the lesson. If a student cell phone rings in class, it totally disrupts the class for a considerable period of time. Many cell phones are also camera phones. Camera phones present an invasion of privacy in the schools . One of the best ways we can protect the privacy of every student is to ban cell phones from school during the school day. During the school day, students need to be focused on classroom instruction without distractions. While the phones are very convenient and a common part of everyday life, for the most part, they are a distraction everywhere. Have you ever been on a bus or plane and somebody is carrying on a loud personal conversation? At a school, the distraction may be even greater than in a public place. For many teachers, one of the biggest concerns about including cell phones in schools is that they will be used inappropriately. Students do not need cell phones during school hours. Many schools now have telephones in the classroom, if it really is an emergency students are easily contacted. I don't really understand why some parents are so adamant about being able to contact their kids at school at a moment's notice. Teachers have a difficult job as it is. They don't need to be dealing with kids having cell phones going off, surreptitiously texting each other, going on the Internet, and taking photos and video not to mention the possibilities for cheating. There are enough distractions Students will text each other all the time during class, and there are times when the teachers won't even notice! Cellular phones are very distracting. Are we now slaves to our technology? If the student needs to call home they only need to go to the main office or guidance to contact a parent or guardian. Most calls home are not for emergencies, they are for mere simple communication that do not need to be done during school. It must have been a miracle that I made it through that time without the need of a cell phone. The majority of the calls, if not all, will be used in idle chatter. Their current uses are for distraction, social interaction, and lewd photography. And let's not ignore the parents who would call students during class to talk about non-emergency issues. If it is truly an emergency, call the school main number and have the child brought to the office. There should be NO tcell phones in the schools. There are no pros for cellular phone use in school. While cell phones are a convenience, however they don't belong in the school with our students. Students will use them in the class regardless of the rules. It will be a disruptive convenience benefiting only the students to talk to anyone. They will use it to text their friends or to play games. If there is a true emergency the parent only needs to call the school. Cell phones in the school will be a total disruption, they will be a good cheating device. Obviously the cons of allowing cell phones in school, outweigh the pros. Cell phones have become a nuisance. Youngsters have enough distractions. And, there is no difference between looking through your phone and reading a note passed in class. School is for learning. Students will take it for granted and answer calls during the class. It leaves no hope for the classroom teacher. Whether the phone is on vibrate or not, it still makes no difference because the youngster will be continuously looking at the phone in anticipation of a call or a text message. Text messaging turned out to be as popular as e-mail and is omnipresent in many students' hands, and can caused total disruption to mere chaos in the classroom. Distractions such as cellular phones don't belong in school. There is no need for cell phones in the schools, just as there was no need for them in the past. In the case of a true emergency, schools have in place systems that protect the children and notify the parents. It is the parents who are entitled to a cell phone . As a result they will always be available at a moment notice. Cellular phones in school are an unnecessary distraction that take time away from teachers and can be a source in cheating. Text messaging is an epidemic. I'm sorry to tell you this, but if you think students will not be texting each other while a teacher is teaching, you're dead wrong. Whether parents feel it is necessary to have cell phones in the schools or not, it is still a distraction to their children's education. It is a disservice to our children to allow cell phones during in the schools. Cell phones have become a huge problem. Kids text during class, leading to cheating, or coordination of othe r â€Å"bad† activities.

Cachau Bant: Mind Your Language Essay

There has not been a day with peace on this earth. We always hear about war, power, loss, and corruption. Every politicians wants the power, wants to change something for the better, or what they think is better, without knowing what the consequences are. In the article â€Å"Cachau Bant: Mind Your Language† Tom Law expresses his opinion about the way the England has forced the Welsh people to learn English and forgotten their own native language. I want to find out how Tom Law presents his arguments by analyzing them using the pentagon, and analyze and comment on how he uses history. Tom Law, the writer of the article, is a Welsh man who lives in Wales. He is very irritated and furious with England because they have forced the Welsh people to change their mother tongue to English. Throughout the article, he tries to persuade the reader to fight against England’s tyranny against other languages than English. Tom Law uses different strategies to convince the readers†™ and gain their empathy. His main claim is that England is being tyrannical against the Welsh language, and that England has the power of one’s speech. He says, â€Å"It’s hard to give a toss about language when you’re an English speaker. Because losing your language is not something you’ll ever have to worry about; thanks to the glory days of the British Empire.† (Law, Tom. Cachau Bant: Mind Your Language. Page 6 ll. 1-5). He has different grounds for his claim. The first ground is that language was a choice that England made for the Welsh people including Tom Law himself. They did not have the opportunity to choose for themselves, England made the choice for them. The other ground is that England thought that it was better for the Welsh people. Like mentioned earlier, Tom Law is irritated and furious with England, and we can especially see that in the way he writes. The language is informal, and the sentences are short, â€Å"The Welsh language has declined so rapidly because the English placed a pillow over its face and smothered it.† (P. 7 ll. 120-123). He also uses a lot of irony, for example he says, â€Å"[†¦] the glory days of the British Empire. English is a dominant language- the third most common in the world. It’s a source of national pride- a gift to the planet.† That makes the reader feel that England is actually nothing but a small country that does not make a good difference for anybody if England does not get something good from it. His  tone in the article is very negative; we can see that many places in text. One of the places is where he says, â€Å"It was done by England and it continues to tear the country apart, affecting every aspect of Welsh life.† (P.7 ll. 74-76) Another place in the text that shows that the tone is negative is when he says, â€Å"It’s the consequence of the state treating the Welsh language as a sickness which needed to be cured†. (P.8 ll. 135-137). The reason is that he is annoyed and angry with England. Tom Law uses history as a device to show the reader that England has been causing loss and trouble in many other countries, and they are still causing loss and trouble. He says, â€Å"It has left non- Welsh speakers feeling like outsiders in their own country, forever left out in the cold and staring back in at history and culture they can’t access; at jobs they’re not qualified to do. For Welsh speakers, they have been battered from all sides, endlessly under attack, having to justify the use of their own language- mostly to fellow Welsh people.† (P.9 ll. 227-236) The article is characterized by pathos. â€Å"The â€Å"WN† initials were carved onto a plaque which school kids were made to wear around their neck if heard speaking Welsh in classroom. The pupil wearing the plaque at the end of the day would be beaten.† (P. 9 ll. 211-217) The reader will immediately feel sorry and get empathy for the Welsh people. He also uses logos, for example, he say s that back in the 1840s, around 80 percent of people living in Wales spoke Welsh, and many of them spoke no English at all, and in the year 2011 had the number dropped down to below 20 percent. When the reader reads this, Tom Law will gain some readers’ support, because is strengthens his argument. Furthermore, he also tries to engage the reader by asking questions â€Å"What can you do?† (P. 7 l.117) This question makes the reader to think about an answer to what we can do, and this makes a kind of community. Besides that, the article needs more ethos. He does not have any expert’s estimation to support his claims, and that causes that the grounds of his claims are weak. If he had some experts or some data, the ethos of the article would be stronger, and he would probably gain a lot more readers’ attention and support. Tom Law tries to reach support and empathy from people that has the same way of thinking. He tries to convince people who feel the same hatred against England as him. He tries to persuade people who feel lost, because England was the one who caused a lot of loss in many countries. That is also the reason why he uses some of England’s history in  the article, to reach the people who feels lost, the ones not knowing who they really are. That is his primary audience. The secondary audience is the nation of England. He is trying to tell England to, not to interfere in other countries’ language. The intention of the article is that Tom Law tries to convince the reader to support his opinion. He wants England to stop interfering in other countries, and just keep their business in England. Tom Law’s tone is very negative towards England and he does not see it from the opposite side of the discussion. If he saw the discussion from both sides, the article would be more trustworthy, and he would win a lot more support. If England had not force many countries to change their native tongue or just taught other countries the language, another countries would have done it.. Actually, you should be thankful to England. If England did not do what is has done, today, we would not be able to understand each other.

The Articles Of Confederation And The Constitution Of The...

After winning the Revolutionary War, the American colonists achieved independence from Britain and never wanted to be ruled by another power again. The states joined forces against Britain. After rejecting the British rule the states establish their own state constitutions. They wanted to prevent the hardships that they had experienced from the colonial governments established by Britain. Then to unite the colonies, Congress proposed a constitution for the national government and sent it to the individual states for ratification. On March 1, 1781, the Articles of Confederation were ratified. The Articles of Confederation was the first written constitution of the United States. It was a form of self-government instituted by the Second†¦show more content†¦The British controlled everything they did in the colony.They also thought that states would be small, independent countries like the way the colonies were established. In addition, the states thought they would act on the ir own on all issues except for war and handling foreign relations. Their experience with the British monarchy rule before the establishment of the Articles made them aware of too much power in a single ruler. The states had established a two-house legislature to divide the power. After the Revolutionary War the states also allowed people to vote who were restricted before. Before this time women, indentured servants, the poor and African Americans were not allowed to vote. Therefore, the writers of the Articles kept all of this in mind when writing the Articles of Confederation. A success of the Articles of Confederation is it aided with the settling and governing of the western territories in our nation. Following the Revolutionary War, there was an immense increase in the movement into the west. The Articles of Confederation established for the settlement of these western lands. The Northwest Ordinance which was passed in 1787, created a means by which the Northwest Terri tory was to be divided into states. It established that there would be no slavery in these territories. Also it advised how the population would be determined. These land ordinances proved to be very effective as a means of a stable and The Articles Of Confederation And The Constitution Of The... When America got independence in 1776 , it was divided into thirteen states. In order to provide political stability to the country, the leaders of these thirteen states drafted an article of Confederation. An article of Confederation was adopted by the Continental Congress which was the first constitution of America. Though many ratification of the Articles was made , some all the states realised that article of Confederation is not powerful enough to resolve the national and international issues. As a result the Articles of Confederation was replaced by the new Constitution which was signed by the members of the Constitutional Convention on September 17, 1787 in Philadelphia. In new constitution, members tried to strengthen the central government which was the demand of time. It was more practical and broader than the article of Confederation. Under article of Confederation, states were free to form their military. But under new Constitution foreign affair and defense departme nt was given to federal government. No state was given power to sign treaties with other nations. Some changes were also brought in the composition of congress under new constitution. Now, seats in congress were decided on the basis of population of each state. During the rectification of the constitutions, many states opposed the rectification as they feared that federal government might take rights from them. In order to address fears of Anti-Federalists, federal government introduced BillShow MoreRelatedThe Articles Of Confederation And The Constitution Of The United States1096 Words   |  5 PagesThe Articles of Confederation was the first order of government established within the United States of America from March 1st, 1781 and lasted until March 4th, 1789. This written document established the functions of the national government of the United States after gaining independence from Great Britain. 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These colonies include: Delaware, Pennsylvania, Georgia, New Jersey, Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts Bay, South Carolina, Virginia, New Hampshire, New York, North Carolina, and RhodeRead MoreComparison Between the Articles of Confederation and the United States Constitution991 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Articles of Confederation. Shortly after that, a new document was formed to what we know as the Constitution of the United States. These documents were similar but more different at the same time with each other, and each granted specific powers to the national government. By throwing off the British monarchy it left the states without a central government. The states needed a new government and fast, which paved way for the first constitution, the Articles of Confederation. 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Be sure to use proper spelling andRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation And The Constitution1115 Words   |  5 PagesThe Articles of Confederation were the earliest constitution of the United States. After the United States became fully independent from Great Britain, following the Revolutionary War, the document was created to outline the functions and management of new nation. However, the document established a very weak central government, instead giving the power to the states. To correct the mistake, a new version of such a document was created: the Constitution, which is still in effect today. (Articles of The Articles Of Confederation And The Constitution Of The... The Articles of Confederation was the first order of government established within the United States of America from March 1st, 1781 and lasted until March 4th, 1789. This written document established the functions of the national government of the United States after gaining independence from Great Britain. In order to not follow in the footsteps of Great Britain and become a tyranny, the Articles of Confederation declared that each state was independent and sovereign; each state had an absolute veto that essential provided undisputed power. Despite being the first government in the United States that unified the thirteen colonies, its inability to flourish was the result of the lack of power it was provided by the states. The Articles of Confederation paved the way for a well-balanced governmental structure through its few significant contributions that would eventually lead to the government in today’s America. Under the Articles of Confederation, America was a league of friendship as opposed to a strong united nation once independence was obtained through the Revolutionary War. The establishment of a weak central government left Congress without the power to collect taxes from the states in order to pay debts or provide the military with essential supplies such as food, clothes, and weapons; the failure to collect money from all the states caused jealousy amongst the states that donated money and lead to the creation of various currencies in America (5). Shays Show MoreRelatedArticles Of Confederation And The United States Constitution.1820 Words   |  8 PagesArticles of Confederation and the United States Constitution Cheryl Powers Chamberlain College of Nursing HIST 405 January, 2017 Articles of Confederation and the United States Constitution Introduction: The strengths and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation vs. the new Constitution of 1787 Created by Continental Congress, the Articles of Confederation were the first promising attempts of aligning the 13 colonies of the United States. 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The Continental Congress is made up of delegates from the thirteen colonies. These colonies include: Delaware, Pennsylvania, Georgia, New Jersey, Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts Bay, South Carolina, Virginia, New Hampshire, New York, North Carolina, and RhodeRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation And The Constitution Of The United States991 Words   |  4 Pagesinto thirteen states. In order to provide political stability to the country, the leaders of these thirteen states drafted an article of Confederation. An article of Confederation was adopted by the Continental Congress which was the first constitution of America. Though many ratification of the Articles was made , some all the states realised that article of Confederation is not powerful enough to resolve the national and international issues. As a result the Ar ticles of Confederation was replacedRead MoreComparison Between the Articles of Confederation and the United States Constitution991 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Articles of Confederation. Shortly after that, a new document was formed to what we know as the Constitution of the United States. These documents were similar but more different at the same time with each other, and each granted specific powers to the national government. By throwing off the British monarchy it left the states without a central government. The states needed a new government and fast, which paved way for the first constitution, the Articles of Confederation. The Articles ofRead MoreWhy did the United States dump the Articles of Confederation for the Constitution of 1787?808 Words   |  4 PagesOn June 12, 1776, the Continental Congress appointed a committee, consisting of one delegate from each of the thirteen states, for the purpose of setting up a cohesive Federal Government. Headed by John Dickinson, the committee presented a draft of the Articles of Confederation to Congress a month later. Though the Articles were not officially ratified until five years later, Congress began operating under them in 1777. The delay that occurred during the years from drafting to ratification was partiallyRead MoreArticles Of Confederation And The Writing Of The Us Constitution1117 Words   |  5 PagesArticles of Confederation and the Writing o f the US Constitution Brandon Robison Robib567@yahoo.com United States History Devry University â€Æ' Congress adopted the Articles of Confederation; this was the first constitution for the United States, on November, 1777. However, approval of the Articles of Confederation by all thirteen states did not occur until March, 1781. The Articles created a loose fellowship of sovereign states and a poor central government, leaving most of the power withRead MoreU.s. Constitution And Articles Of Confederation843 Words   |  4 PagesThe U.S. Constitution and Articles of Confederation If society didn’t have standards that were enforced to help prevent harm to society by its members, how different would it be? These standards are broken into two different types, verbal and written. Although, one can distinguish between the two standards, verbal standards are those that are not written down, but yet passed down among many generations and are not easily enforce, whereas written standards, are the complete opposite. There were twoRead MoreConstitution vs Articles of Confed. Essay902 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿REPORT: CONSTITUTION As one of the creators of the new Constitution of 1788, you are chosen to present its strengths as compared to the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. What areas of importance will you stress in attempting to get it passed unanimously? Give good well-reasoned arguments in a report of approximately 400 words. You will need to research the details of each document, using resources from the library, the Internet, or other sources. Be sure to use proper spelling andRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation And The Constitution1115 Words   |  5 PagesThe Articles of Confederation were the earliest constitution of the United States. After the United States became fully independent from Great Britain, following the Revolutionary War, the document was created to outline the functions and management of new nation. However, the document established a very weak central government, instead giving the power to the states. To correct the mistake, a new version of such a document was created: the Constitution, which is still in effect today. (Articles of